Rice is the staple food for most of the Vietnamese population. There has been a giant leap in rice productivity and production from 1990s to 2020s after the introduction of high-yielding rice, short-duration and photo-insensitive varieties. Despite the adoption of improved cultivation practices, rice yield has been found to be stagnating in almost all rice production environments. Three sets of data were generated from interviews with rice research scientists, extension specialists and farmers representing different rice production environments in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. A structured questionnaire was used. In this regard, biotechnology with their inherent low-cost and resource-neutral characteristics could be a viable technology alternative for small farmers to help them realize the yield potentials of modern rice varieties. Apart from cost effectiveness, biotechnologies have another strong factor in their favors. They are best suited for eco-friendly farming systems essential for ensuring sustainable agriculture. A substantial increase in production could also be achieved if rice research helps reduce production loss due to various biotic and abiotic stress in specific rice ecosystems.