The aim of this study is to determine technical efficiency and determinants of technical efficiency of rice farming households in Tra Vinh province, Vietnam, based on a cross-sectional data collected in 2015 from 196 rice farming households in Tra Vinh province. The Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function, incorporating inefficiency effects was employed to analyze the data, using the Frontier 4.1. The results revealed that the technical efficiency was ranged 57.21- 99.27%, average of 85.18%. Significant factors that were found to positively affect rice output per farm were area, potash fertilizer, and rice variety while seed, phosphate fertilizer and pesticide were negatively related to the rice output per farm. Significant determinants of technical efficiency were positively related to technical efficiency were education attainment, farm size, training, credit access, membership of farmers’ association.