Because of the agricultural industry's competitive advantage, Vietnam's agricultural products have increased significantly in value and export volume in recent years to key markets such as the United States, the European Union (EU), Japan, and others. However, one issue that is causing various challenges for Vietnam's agricultural exports today is being warned or forbidden from importing by the importing country for violating pesticide residue levels and maximum residues in exported agricultural products. The article examines pesticide management and maximum residue levels (MRL) legislation in the United States, the European Union, and Vietnam, and then offers suggestions for improving Vietnam's legal pesticide management standards and establishing MRL for pesticides.