In  this  study,  the  influence  of  crop  rotation  on  the  structure  of  the bacterial  community,  as  a  catalytic  agent  of  degradation  of  crop residues,  was  investigated  over  2  crops.  The  studied  crop  rotation systems  were  rice-rice-rice  (CRS1),  baby  corn  -rice-mungbean (CRS2).  Litter  bags  containing  rice  stems  were  inserted  into  the  soil and recollected at different time points for analysing of the structure of the bacterial community colonizing the rice straw  means of 16S rRNA gene based Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA  gene  clone  library  sequence  analysis.The  results  showed  that, during  the  cultivation  of  two  crops,  the  bbacterial  community colonizing rice straw residues were significantly different in phylum in the baby corn-rice-mungbean rotation system (CRS2) compared tothose  in  the  other  systems.  The  analysis  of  the  16S  rRNA  gene  libraries  constructed  from selected  samples  of  rotation  systems  CRS1  and  CRS2  during  growth  of  the  two  crops confirmed this results. During growth of crop I, the bacterial community colonizing the rice straw residue in crop rotation system CRS1 was mainly composed of bacteria belonging to the  Firmicutes  phylum  while  the  community  colonizing  rice  straw  in  crop  rotation  system CRS2  was mainly composed of bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. During growth of crop II, in the CRS1 system bacteria belonging to the Firmicutes group stillremained  dominant.  In  the  CRS2  system  the  Proteobacteria  became  the  largest  fraction although bacteria belonging to the Fimicutes phylum started to propagate. Our data indicate that  applied  crop  rotation  systems  affect  the  composition  of  the  bacterial  community colonizing rice straw residues