After World War II, Japan became a completely exhausted country and fell far behind other developed capitalist countries in the world. Developing human resources through education has become the key to Japan's success. This can certainly be a reference to Vietnam in planning future human resource development policies. We often feel surprised by the Japanese government's seriousness in solving educational problems. The Japanese government is not only interested in comprehensive reform of educational policies but also emphasizes human resource training for economic development. The purpose of this article is to examine the educational reforms that were implemented in Japan for human resource training from 1945 to 1952. To clarify this issue, we mainly use the historical method, the logical method, the comparative method, the analytical method, and the interdisciplinary method to analyze the context of reform implementation, giving human resource training policies through education reform. It is hoped that our results and discussion, practical meanings, and lessons learned may be useful and worthwhile for Asian countries.