The earthworms of southeastern Vietnam are reported based on literature and samples collected during the period of 2012–2019. A total of 41 earthworm species of 12 genera in six families are recorded in the southeastern part of Vietnam. Of these, Polypheretima elongata and Dichogaster affinis are recorded for the first time in the region. The dominant family is Megascolecidae with 35 species of seven genera while each of the other families is represented by only one species, except for Octochaetidae which has one genus and two species. The comprehensive checklist also provides data of each species including examined specimens, distributions and remarks. An identification key to species is compiled for southeastern Vietnam.