The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of rural labor use in Chau Thanh A District, Hau Giang Province. The data were collected from 160 households in rural areas. The descriptive statistics are used to analyze the situation, actual use and effective use of agricultural labor resources. Research has shown that the rural labor workforce in Chau Thanh A District is quite abundant; however, their educational backgrounds and professional qualifications are poor. The efficiency of rural labor use is still inadequate, and labor potentials are not fully exploited to create material values.