Vietnam is a country with 54 ethnic groups and with different capacities for socio-economic development. The majority of these ethnic minorities have many limitations in siad development. Consequently, the State has supportive policies for these ethnic groups. In the South, the socio-economic life of the Khmer people has recently improved and developed more than before. However, from the perspective of socio-economic development towards sustainability, it still reveals limitations and weaknesses such as poverty, disease, development of education - training employability and the living environment. In fact, it is very necessary to research and assess in a comprehensive way the causes of these challenges prior to proposing and recommending sustainable development solutions for the Khmer people in the South today.