The Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) ecosystem is very diverse, with various habitats of melaleuca, rice, swamp, and grass interlacing and making a mighty wetland area. However, much pressure is on the region’s economic development to focus on boosting intensive farming and land expansion for industrial and agriculture by the association of dyke and irrigation systems. In intensive farming systems, disease outbreaks, soil degradation, environmental pollution, etc., lead to more and more application of agrochemicals, which influences the environment and again the biodiversity. As such the economic development, conservation area has been encroached over the years, creating difficulties for conservationists and authorities to make the efforts to keep the leftover of high and value
biodiversity land unchanged. Significantly, extreme events have been appearing more regularly under climate change, consisting of seawater level rise inducing saline intrusion, drought, abnormal rain, etc. With an area of 3.92 million ha, the VMD is the most lower part of the Mekong River Basin (1999), and it has the highest biodiversity compared to other parts of the river due to the diversity of habitats and the interaction between freshwater and marine water (Baran, 2010). The river ecosystem has been facing numerous impacts from both human and climate change, affecting ecosystem health, function, and services (Barbier et al., 2011). In recent years, human impacts have depleted species and habitats, degraded water quality, and introduced invaders (Lotze et al., 2006). Understanding biodiversity patterns and their underlying changes is essential to managing fisheries resources sustainably.