In the past few decades, the association of economic growth and mining activities has led to an increase in areas of heavy metal-contaminated soils in Vietnam. As a developing country, Vietnam has the limited financial source for environmental restoration, so phytoremediation, a low cost and ecologically sustainable remedial technology, is considered to be a relevant option. To promote the application of phytoremediaton for heavy metal-contaminated soils in Vietnam, there have been several research programs conducted during the last decade. The studies identified two arsenic (As) hyperaccumulators, Pteris vittata and Pityrogramma calomelanos, and four grasses suitable for treatment of lead (Pb)- and zinc (Zn)-contaminated soils, Eleusine indica, Cyperus rotundus, Cynodon dactylon, and Equisetum ramosissimum, of which E. indica was found as Pb hyperaccumulator. All of these species are indigenous and naturally adapted to heavy metal-contaminated habitats. Three plant species, P. vittata, P. calomelanos, and E indica and one introduced plant species, Vetiveria zizanioides, were subjected to further evaluation of their heavy metal removal potential under greenhouse and field conditions. The results of greenhouse experiments showed that two fern species, P. vittata and P. calomelanos, are effective in the accumulation of soil As in roots and fronds; E. indica can absorb high concentration of both Pb and Zn in roots. Under field conditions, the combination of P. vittata, P. calomelanos, and V. zizanioides or P. vittata, E. indica and V. zizanioides is very effective in treatment of soils contaminated with low or moderate concentration of As and Pb in short time (3 years). Through these studies, phytoremediation has been demonstrated to be feasible for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in Vietnam.c