Green transformation in agriculture can contribute to green economy. In fact, agriculture, farmers, and rural areas are the most vulnerable to climate, environmental, and social changes. Research on agricultural transformation from intensive rice monoculture to riceshrimp integrated farming in the coastal area of Vietnamese Mekong Delta shows that this is a suitable way to promote green economy. The rice-shrimp model brings many ecological and social benefits to the community such as income enhancement, livelihood improvement, pollution reduction, clean and safe products, natural ecological restoration, and good adaptation to uncertainties. Such agroecological farming proves a good case study for future sustainable food systems and rural livelihood sustainability. However, it may be challenged by a lack of technical research, agribusiness approach, transformative resource ability, and government readiness. In order to scale out the agroecological model, it is necessary to have a better connection among related stakeholders, especially farmers, scientists, businesses, and authorities at all levels.