The goby Butis butis is a commercial fish for food supply and has been increasingly catching, but information on its population biology is unknown. This study was conducted in coastlines in the Mekong Delta to provide new knowledge on the population biology of B. butis. The analysis of length-frequency data of 604 individuals caught by gill nets from January to December 2016 showed that the von Bertalanffy curve was Lt  24.021 e  0.61( 0.04) t  . This gobiid species reached 4.92 yrs in the longevity and 2.55 in the growth performance. The species showed 1.98 yr-1, 1.42 yr-1, 3.40 yr-1 and 0.58 in the fishing mortality, natural mortality, total mortality and exploitation rate respectively based on the analysis of length-converted catch curve. Two recruitment peaks in July and September were recorded in the goby population, and the relative yield-per-recruit and biomass-per-recruit analysis showed that Emax =0.733, E0.1 = 0.620 and E0.5 = 0.347. The species B. butis is a potential aquaculture candidate because of its high growth parameter. The goby B. butis stock was overexploited, suggesting that the mesh size of fishing gears should be increased and avoid catching during the recruitment period for sustainable fishery management.