Migration has long seen as a livelihood strategy of the household in many developing countries, where agricultural production is dominant in their economy. So, the central goal of this study is to measure the technical efficiency (TE) of rice production from 662 households in the Mekong Delta region of Viet Nam. TE is defined as an estimation of the ability of a household to produce the maximum output with the given inputs and it is frequently estimated by using the stochastic frontier analysis. Results show that the average TE among the surveyed households is above 85%; of those households, the migrant households likely have less TE score than the non-migrant households due particularly to constraints of access to financial resource. In addition, the determinants of the value of rice production are significantly associated with the following variables such as seed, fertilizers, pesticides, machine, hired labor and so on. However, technical in-efficiency of rice production may be significantly explained by the farmer’s age and gender.