The Cucurbitaceae family, including many commonly cultivated crops, is widely grown in various areas of Can Tho city. However, these plants are also targets for many pest species, impacting yield and commercial value. The objective of this study is to investigate the cultivation situation, identify the main pest species, and monitor their population growth to develop timely control measures. Survey results show that the cultivation area of this plant family is relatively large, and various factors indicate that the cultivation model increases the presence and development of pests. Nine insect pest species and natural enemies were identified. Among them, the whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and thrips (Thrips palmi) had densities of 3.73±0.15 and 1.64±0.06 individuals/square meter, with occurrence frequencies of 87.75% and 74.77%, respectively. Additionally, the population dynamics of the whitefly over time were described by the linear regression equation y = 0.8973x - 2.8535 (R² = 0.6003), indicating more fluctuation and unpredictability compared to thrips, which were described by the model y = 0.3785x - 0.8527 (R² = 0.9087). This suggests that whitefly populations are influenced by multiple factors such as chemical insecticides and cultivation conditions, while thrips tend to become the main pest species if timely control measures are not implemented.