Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF), namely known as dioxins,
are persistent organic compounds with high toxicity. The presence of dioxins in soil is a major environmental issue worldwide, as it negatively impacts both ecosystems and human health. Thus, several advanced techniques
have been applied to overcome this issue, offering promising treatment efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This
review employs a meta-analysis strategy to provide an up-to-date assessment of the global situation of dioxincontaminated soil. Dioxin concentrations are commonly higher in industrial and urban areas than in rural
areas, primarily due to anthropogenic activities such as chemical manufacturing and waste incineration.
Furthermore, several advanced bioremediation technologies for dioxin treatment, including biosurfactants,
composting, and phytoremediation were highlighted and thoroughly discussed. Aerobic composting has proven
to be robust in removing dioxins, achieving treatment efficiencies ranging from 65% to 85%. Whereas, phytoremediation, particularly when involving agricultural crops like zucchini, cucumber, and wheat, shows great
promise in dioxin removal through various mechanisms, including root uptake and transpiration. Notably,
biosurfactants such as rhamnolipids and sophorolipids have been effectively used to remediate dioxincontaminated soil due to their significantly enhanced bioavailability of dioxins and their interaction with microbes. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of advanced biotechnologies for remediating
dioxin-contaminated soil. It also addresses the technical and economic aspects of dioxin treatment and identifies
future directions and research perspectives to fill knowledge gaps in this field.