This study provided information on population dynamics of Stolephorus dubiosus, a commercial fish in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Data analysis results of 19,356 individuals collected bimonthly from August 2017 to June 2019 (14,113 individuals in Bay Hap (BH) and 8,243 individuals in Cua Lon (CL)) showed that L∞ of these two populations was 8.4 cm, the K value in BH (0.88 yr-1 ) was higher than that in CL (0.59 yr-1 ). Likewise, the t0 values were –0.39 yr-1 in CL and –0.26 yr-1 in BH. The fishing (2.40 yr-1 ), natural (1.85 yr-1 ) and total mortalities (3.63 yr-1 ) in BH were also higher than those in CL which were 1.85 yr-1 , 0.38 yr-1 and 2.23 yr-1 respectively, leading to the lower in the longevity of the former population (tmax=3.41 yr) compared to the later one (tmax=5.08 yr). Its growth performance was 1.79 in BH and 1.62 in CL. Both these two populations had two recruitment peaks, but the recruitment time of the CL population (mid of May and late August) was one month later compared to BH population (mid of April and late July). Albeit the exploitation rate of the BH population (E=0.34) was higher than that of the CL population (E=0.17), they had not been subjected to overfishing as these exploitation rates were lower than E0.5 (0.358 in BH and 0.354 in CL). The length at first capture was 3.9 cm in BH and 3.8 cm in CL. The fisherman should avoid catching S. dubiosus during the recruitment period for sustainable fishery management.