This study aimed at identifying the determinants on gender diversity and nationality in the board of the Vietnamese listed firms. The data are hand-collected from 257 companies listed on Ho Chi Minh stock exchange (HOSE) and 214 listed on the Ha Noi stock exchange (HNX) in the period of 2015 - 2017. The main analyzing methods included Pooled OLS, REM, FEM and GMM. The research results showed that gender diversity were determined by three factors consisting of industry, family firm and board size. With respect to the determinants on nationality diversity of the board, there was the evidence that firm size, foreign ownership, state ownership and proportion of foreign sales predicting the nationality diversity. Basing on these results, some administrative implications are proposed to improve the structure of the board including expanding business scale, promoting exports, limiting the increase in the number of members in the board of directors, reducing state ownership and increasing foreign ownership.