The study aims to assess surface water quality on canals in Bac Lieu Province in 2019 using water quality parameters including pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), nitrite
(NO₂^-_N), nitrate (NO₃^-_N), ammonium (NH₄⁺_N), orthophosphate (PO₄^3-_P), iron (Fe), chloride (Cl^-) and coliform. Water samples were collected from the Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam, which including 9 locations during the dry and wet seasons. These parameters were compared with the national technical regulation on surface water quality (QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT), column B₁. The results showed that surface water quality in Bac Lieu province was polluted with organic matter (COD, BOD), nutrients (NH₄⁺_N, NO₂^-_N, PO₄^3-_P), total suspended solid and chloride. In addition, some places were also contaminated by iron and coliforms. The parameters DO, COD, BOD, TSS, NO₂^-_N, NO₃^-_N, Cl^‑ and coliform in the dry season were higher than the wet season. The parameters of pH, NH₄⁺_N, PO₄^3-_P and Fe in the wet season were higher than in the dry season. The quality of surface water in this study area was influenced by domestic activities, agricultural cultivation and industrial activities. The future study should focus on investigating sources of coastal water pollution to propose appropriate measures for efficient water management in Bac Lieu province.