The study was conducted to evaluate the economic efficiency and environmental characteristics of the E-dor longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) farming model. Economic efficiency and chemical use related issues were assessed by interviewing farmers field survey. Soil samples were collected in the longan fields and the rice paddy field for comparison. Soil samples were collected in the longan models with different land conversion times (>5 years, 3-5 years, . The soil quality indicators including pH, organic matters (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (K) and heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, and As) were analyzed. The average total income from longan cultivation was higher than that of rice, with about 92.6 million VND/ha, the profit/capital ratio from longan cultivation was 1.48 (excluding the labor) and 1.31 (including the labor). The longan model was evaluated using more fertilizers and pesticides than rice cultivation. Soil analysis results showed that pH was not suitable for the development of longan. The levels of OM, TKN, TP, and K in longan cultivation were lower than those in rice cultivation. Heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr and As were still within the permissible limits of QCVN 03-MT: 2015/BTNMT and FAO (2001), but Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr were found to tend to be higher in longan model and accumulated over cultivated time. The initial research results showed that the yield of E-dor longan was still low, so it has not brought about high economic efficiency, the soil quality was not suitable for the development of longan; Therefore, it is necessary to have appropriate cultivation and soil improvement measures to improve longan crop. This study provides preliminary information on the economic efficiency and environmental problems of switching from rice cultivation to E-dor longan farming.