This paper examines Vietnam's cultural and ideological struggle against "peaceful evolution" theory and practice. Imperialist forces use "peaceful evolution" to destabilize socialist regimes, especially by infiltrating cultural and ideological sectors. The study's main goal is to define "peaceful evolution," assess its implementation in Vietnam's educational and cultural institutions, and offer strategic remedies to protect the nation's ideology. The research uses a qualitative approach to analyze theoretical documents, historical records, and current Vietnamese educational case studies. These case studies help explain hostile entities' ideological subversion methods and Vietnam's countermeasures. The data show that the "peaceful evolution" plan uses cultural infiltration, Western values, and digital platforms to subtly change Vietnam's youth's ideological views. Despite hurdles, the study emphasizes the importance of education in maintaining national ideology, emphasizing the incorporation of Marxist-Leninist philosophy and Ho Chi Minh's ideas in the curriculum as effective countermeasures. The report suggests continuing educational reform, raising ideological awareness, and taking proactive actions to confront emerging ideological dangers. These proposals are crucial to Vietnam's ideological foundation's resilience to external influences.