The study aimed to assess the variation of surface water quality in the Phu My Species-Habitat conservation area (conservation area) in 2019–2022. Fourteen water quality indicators including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity (Turb), salinity (Sal), total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), oxygen demand chemical (COD), ammonium (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate (NO₃^--N), orthophosphate (PO₄^3--P), total phosphorus (TP), iron (Fe²⁺) and aluminum (Al³⁺) were analyzed. Correlation Pearson and cluster analysis (CA) were performed to fnd the correlation between surface water environmental parameters and locations with similar physical and chemical characteristics of water. The results showed that the surface water in the Phu My conservation area was acidic, with low pH and high concentrations of Fe²⁺ and Al³⁺. The amounts of organic substances (except COD) and nutrients (NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, and PO₄^3--P) in the study area were relatively low. Surface water quality is being well managed to develop key species in the Phu My Species-Habitat conservation area, Lepironia and Eleocharis species. The correlation analysis result indicates that organic matter and nutrients have a positive linear correlation, having the same origin formed from the degradation of organic matter from dying flora and fauna and agricultural activities in the study area. The CA analysis results show that the monitoring system was relatively suitable and could be applied in the future.