Green transition is an urgent need for all countries, but there are many challenges in its implementation, especially in developing countries like Vietnam. This study was carried out through an analysis of relevant policies and a case study of conversion from rice monoculture to an integrated rice-shrimp farming system in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The results showed that Vietnam has many policies, strategies, and plans to promote economic transformation toward sustainable, green, low emission, and climate change adaptation. However, the implementation of these policies in practice still faces some difficulties. The case study's result revealed that the rice-shrimp model is suitable and brings many benefits to society, economy, and environment. The success of the transition depends on many factors including initiative, creativity, and consensus at the local level. A theoretical framework was built to promote the transition toward green and sustainable development in the future.