During the first colonial exploitation, the French colonialism planed and digged canals over the whole West of Cochinchina. The first purpose of the canal system was to serve military for suppressingrevolutionary movements, the second purpose was economy. The canal system gave good conditions for this region to develop economy. In addition, there were strong exchanges and contacts withthe Occidental culture. This contributed to change traditional cutural model of the resident in the Mekong Delta. Nowadays, the ancient canal system has still contribute important values to the economic and cultural development of the western Cochinchina in the early years of the 21st century.