Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used in this study to evaluate the production efficiency of rice farming households in Hau Giang Province. Research data were collected from 250 rice farming households. DEA method was used in the studyto measure the cost-effectiveness based on aggregating the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. Besides, the study estimated and compared the scale efficiency of rice farming households. The research results indicated that rice farmers in Hau Giang achieved technical efficiency at a pretty good level whereas the allocative efficiency was at a fairly goodlevel, and the cost efficiency was at an average level. The results also showed that the majority of rice farming households reached high scale efficiency, particularly, many households got the optimal scale efficiency.