Water, land, and climate are the three most important resources / factors affecting the development and survival of natural ecosystems and production in the delta in the past centuries. To address current and future challenges, there must be collaboration between government authorities, scientists, natural resources, environmental management agencies and local communities. Appropriate coping measures for weather variations and for integrating climate change into local socio-economic development plans have a great significance for the VMD. Currently, national adaptation strategies focus on short-term mitigation measures in emergencies, awareness raising activities and the establishment of climate change adaptation action plans. There is an urgent need to find solutions for climate change adaptation combined with integrated management of water resources to ensure a long-term foundation for sustainable development of the Vietnamese Mekong River Delta.