The study was carried out to evaluate surface water quality in agricultural production and aquaculture areas in An Giang province, Vietnam. Water samples were collected at 42 monitoring locations (23 locations in agricultural areas, 19 locations in fisheries) with 10 surface water quality indicators including temperature, pH, total suspended solids (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO) biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (N-NO₃^-), ammonium (N-NH₄⁺), orthophosphate (P-PO₄^3-) and coliforms. Water quality was assessed using national technical regulations on surface water quality (QCVN 08-Mt:2015/BTNMT). The results show that surface water at agriculture and aquaculture areas were contaminated with organic matters (low DO and high TSS, BOD, COD), nutrients (high N-NH₄⁺, P-PO₄^3-), and microorganisms (Coliform), in which surface water in the agricultural production area tended to be more polluted than that of aquaculture area. The causes of water pollution could be fertilizer residues, wastewater, and untreated solid waste that are discharged directly into the water source. There is urgent need to find out appropriate measures for the management of wastewater from agriculture and aquaculture to improve surface water quality.