This paper examines key limitations of the latest Vietnamese legislation on compulsory acquisition of farmland. In an attempt to secure farmers? land rights and protect their likelihood from the potential unexpected results of land loss due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, Vietnam?s government has been improving the land expropriation law. However, land grievances pertaining to land acquisition and unjust compensation have still been prevalent in recent years. It is found that the existing law on land expropriation displays critical imperfections relating to the constitutionality of land acquisition, land pricing and empowerment of affected farmers in the decision-making process. These issues should be addressed properly to protect the lawful interests of displaced farmers and to secure their livelihoods more effectively.