In 1945, after the end of World War II, France returned to Indochina and carried out the intention of turning Indochina into a colony like before 1945 (which fell into the hands of the Japanese army). That's why the second Indochina war broke out, it took place very fiercely and caused a lot of casualties to the warring parties, especially on the battlefield of Vietnam. In Vietnam, the Viet Minh fought the very tenacious French army and achieved many great victories when they were supported by the Chinese Allies and the Soviet Union. In May 1954, the French army failed in the decisive battle at Dien Bien Phu, so it had to accept the signing of the Geneva Agreement on ending the war and restoring peace in Vietnam and Indochina.

This study uses historical documentary method to overview the whole process of coming to the signing of the Geneva agreement. The historical research method of international relations is applied to clarify the complex international relations of countries such as Great Britain, France, the United States, China and the Soviet Union in the Geneva negotiations.

The article aims to analyze a complicated period in world history, the cold war period that greatly influenced international relations. These studies also wanted to appreciate the Viet Minh, the force that won the war, but the complicated factors of the cold war forced them to accept a somewhat unfavorable agreement.