In the context of the complicated spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, online learning was an urgent priority at educational institutions in Vietnam; however, learners were still confronted with enormous difficulties and certain barriers to online education. The study aims to analyze the barrier factors affecting students’ satisfaction in a higher education institution in Vietnam with online learning during the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic by employing the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method and Multivariate Regression Analysis, based on data from 486 students who online studied in the first semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The results indicate that the most influential factor is psychological barriers, followed by interaction barriers and economic barriers while technological and environmental barriers, teaching methods and course assessment barriers do not affect students’ satisfaction in this study. Based on the results, the authors propose solutions to limit barriers and enhance the quality of online education for stakeholders in an unpredictable future.