The spread of potentially life-threatening carbapenem-resistant bacteria is a major threat to public health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in fishery products in Vietnam. A total of 103 river fish were purchased from retail outlets and supermarkets in Vietnam. The gut contents of fish were removed, mixed with buffered peptone water, and incubated for 24 h. The bacterial broth was spread onto CHROMagar™ ECC containing meropenem. Enterobacteriaceae were selected and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Bacterial identification and genotyping were performed using 16S rRNA and multiplex PCR, respectively. Our results showed that 6.8% (7/103) of river fish were contaminated with carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli harbouring NDM-1 or -5, and 8.7% (9/103) of the samples were contaminated with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae harbouring NDM-1, -4, and OXA-48 genes. E. coli and Citrobacter freundii harbouring the NDM-1 encoding IncA/C plasmid were isolated from one fish sample; carbapenem-resistant E. coli harbouring CTX-M-15, NDM-5, and mcr-1 were also isolated. In conclusion, bacteria isolated from fishery products were found to carry the carbapenem resistance genes NDM, OXA-48, and KPC. As carbapenem-resistant bacteria are isolated from Vietnamese fishery foods at a rate of 6.8%, it is necessary to re-consider food hygiene rules.