Increased export market access for high quality food products is an important avenue for diversification of Vietnam’s agricultural sector. It is also essential for sustainable rural economic growth and a reduction of poverty (World Bank, 2006 and 2008). This is especially true for the sectors with high degrees of smallholder involvement. Smallholder farmers in developing countries and in particular in Vietnam face a number of technical and managerial constraints that limit their participation in an export-oriented supply chain (Narayanan and Gulati. 2002; Torero and Gulati. 2004; Van der Meer. 2006; Khoi et al. 2008). The international markets demand that exporters of fishery products assure hygiene and safety for consumers. The need for more stringent quality assurance resulted in a shift towards company-owned farms and vertical coordination. However, the involvement of small-holder may be an important policy instrument for poverty reduction as fish production in Vietnam is relatively widespread among smallholders and many of them cater for export markets (Loc, 2006; Sinh and Phuong., 2006). Therefore, the objective of this research is to design an effective export-oriented Pangasius supply chain based on small-scale farming systems. Put differently, this research explores how small-scale farmers can benefit from the emerging opportunities in the Vietnamese fish industry.