The objective of the study is to measure the production efficiency of farmers by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The data in the study were collected from 750 rice-farming households in the Mekong Delta region, Vietnam. The DEA helps estimate the production efficiency of rice-producing farmers with the following criteria: technical efficiency (TE), allocative efficiency (AE), cost efficiency (CE), and scale efficiency (SE). The research results show that rice-farming households achieve high SE. Meanwhile, the CE is relatively low. Based on the DEA result, the study indicates that rice farmers should adjust their production scale and input resources to improve production efficiency.