Vietnam is listed by the World Bank among the countries most threatened by global climate change, especially in the Mekong Delta where identified as one of three “extreme” global hotspots in terms of one million people risk being displaced as a result of mean sea level rise. Climate change caused of environmental change and disasters that affecting and transforming livelihood in the Mekong Delta since recent years and in the future. The vulnerabilities of farmers in the Mekong Delta region to climate change create by such of factors such as flood inundation, environmental threatens, salinity intrusion, food risk, water shortage, etc. Each factors effecting to livelihood insecurity of local farmers in difference way due to different geographic conditions in the Mekong Delta. This paper reviews some in-situ reasons that caused of local climate change situation, mentioning on effects of climate change to farming cultivations and farmer existences in this region. The adaptation strategies of farmers to climate change also discuss in various scenarios. It is also introduce some national and international projects support communities on climate change mitigation and adaptation in the Mekong Delta.