This study was conducted to identify the genetic characteristics and antibiotic resistance of V. cholerae isolated in Tra Vinh Province. From the results, twenty-five (25) Vibrio spp. were isolated, including 6 strains of Vibrio V. cholerae (24%), 8 strains of Vibrio paraheamolyticus (32%), 4 strains of Vibrio vulnificus (16%), 5 strains of Vibrio fluvialis (20%), and 2 strains of Vibrio alginolyticus (8%). The serogroup results showed that all the 6 V. cholerae belonged to serogroup O1, with 50% positive to serotype Inaba, and 50% positive to Ogawa. No strain belonged to serogroup O139. The results also showed that 50% of V. cholerae were resistant to streptomycin and 33% were resistant to tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Two of the 6 strains had an antibiotic resistance gene (gene tetA) encoding for a tetracycline-resistant factor. Gene blaSHV, gene aac(3)-IV and gene dhfrI encoding for β-lactam, aminoglycoside, trimethoprim resistant factors were not detected. Additionally, the results showed that adhesion indexes of V. cholerae strains T1 and T3 in the intestinal mucosa of rabbits shared the same antigens with the bacteria used to produce cholera vaccine (mORCVAX) available in Vietnam. V. cholerae was prevalent in the environment and clams in Tra Vinh province. Information from this research may be useful for further studies.