The earthworm genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 sensu stricto is recorded in Vietnam for the first time with a new species, P. vungtauensis sp. nov. The new species is characterized by three pairs of spermathecal pores in intersegments 6/7/8/9, spermathecal ducts with dense micronephridia, no genital markings in spermathecal and male regions, male pores located inside copulatory pouches, intestinal origin at xv, caeca simple from xxvii, and holandry. DNA-COI barcode sequences of the holotype are most similar to those of Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872) from Thailand and not to other species of Pheretima.