Poverty is a considering problem which has been happening among the ethnic groups of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam, especially the poor Khmer. Therefore, the research on "Poverty assessment and analysis of factors affecting income of the poor Khmer households in Loan My village, Tam Binh district, Vinh Long province" was necessarily conducted. The research were collected by direct interview from 137 poor Khmer households and the key informants. Both quantitative and qualitative mothodologies were in the reseach as descriptive statistics and the multivariate regression. The results showed that the poor Khmer households who have no land, no capital for investment in production, or lack of land, capital, or low level of education or illiteracy, few main labors, many children, illness, debt, temporary house, little or no assets and means of production. Factors effecting the poor Khmer households included total income of household per month, number of main labors, non agricultural employees, employees outside village/local area, total land and participants of local organizations. Main income of poor Khmer households was from hired labor force with being out of regular full-time employment and the income of household was not enough for the household’s expenditure, in addition to the poor Khmer households used loan improperly. Keywords: income, poor khmer households, situation, support programs.