Small farm size and fragmented parcels are among the major impediments to agricultural sustainability in terms of economic outcomes. The paper examines the extent to which land, an integral part of the agrarian economy, impacts the rural household income. The study exploits the qualified dataset capturing cultural, political and socio-economic dimensions of rural areas – the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey collected by UNU-WIDER in the period 2006–14. Fixed effect models are constructed for estimates of the causality of land in separate aspects: farm size and the number of plots. The findings are that land fragmentation statistically significantly reduces income but there is no correlation between farm size and household economic outcomes. The paper concludes that the amendment of land policies towards increased farm size is of paramount importance, but less likely viable because of the equalitarian approach to this resource distribution.