The study was conducted to assess surface water quality in Tram Chim National Park, Dong Thap Province, Vietnam using multivariate statistics. Water samples were collected at 10 different habitats in the national park in the rainy season (in 2018) and dry season (in 2019) to analyze the parameters of temperature (T), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth of water (H), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium (N-NH4+) and orthophosphate (P-PO43-). The results show that the pH in the national park was in the range of 6.5 - 8.5. Except for DO (in dry season) and P-PO43- still within the allowable limits, COD and N-NH4+ both exceeded the allowable limits of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT, column A1. The depth, temperature, turbidity, and EC in habitats were less varied. In the dry season, most indicators of water quality were higher than those in the rainy season, except for N-NH4+ and P-PO43-. The PCA results showed that the parameters of depth, pH, EC, DO, COD, N-NH4+ and P-PO43- had the main impact on water quality and need to be monitored. CA analysis results showed that there was little variation in water quality between wet and dry seasons, possibly due to the impact of the dike system. The water quality in fish ponds and rice fields (in buffer zone) is different from other habitats (in protected zone) due to water exchange frequency and human activities (for example the cultivation of rice and aquaculture). High pH value and organic matter content in water can affect the growth of organisms, especially Eleocharis species, an important food source for cranes. Therefore, the research on the operating mechanism of sluices to have solutions to improve water quality to meet the requirements of preserving and restoring biodiversity is necessary.