There are some unfortunate instances where patients get undesirable outcomes due to the alleged mistakes of medical practitioners. Consequently, the world is witnessing an increase in the number of medical malpractice cases being brought to court for determination. Faced with such cases which sometimes are difficult to prove liability on the part of the medical practitioner, some jurisdictions have resulted in the concept of “loss of chance.” Loss of a chance is a doctrine permitting recovery of damages for the destruction or reduction of the prospect for achieving a more favorable outcome than which has occurred. Courts have to decide whether to or not to award damages and if so what type of damages. In some cases, the courts have to perform a delicate balancing act when it comes to handling medical malpractice claims. The doctrine was created, in part, to compensate patients who lost an already diminished chance of living because of medical negligence. This paper compares the application of the legal regulations of loss of chance in four countries namely: Vietnam, England, France, and Belgium. The paper seeks to answer the question: Does Vietnam’s legal system practice the concept of “loss of chance?” Concurrently, Vietnam may learn about the model of loss of chance from Belgium, France, and England to promote the development of this necessary regulation.