This work focuses on establishing the genetic diversity of the fourteen popular cocoa cultivars in the south of Vietnam using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. All detected amplification products were encoded into a binary matrix, and a dendrogram was generated using the program NTSYS-PC 2.1. The dendrogram shows the genetic distances of 14 popular cocoa cultivars based on their DNA polymorphisms. The similarity matrix was subjected to cluster analysis by un-weighted pair grouped methods for arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The genetic clustering of 14 cocoa cultivars showed genetic differences ranging from 0 to 41%. At around 59% similarity value, fourteen popular cocoa cultivars could be divided into two clades A and B. Clade A had twelve (12) cultivars (TD1, TD2, TD3, TD5, TD6, TD7, TD8, TD9, TD11, TD12 and TD13), and clade B consisted of 2 cultivars (TD14 and TD15). Clade B performed at a homologous rate of 77% and had a higher similarity value than clade A (69%) which separated into three sub-group AI, AII and AIII. Two RAPD primers used in this study were amplified and typically generated major amplification products. These results make a significant contribution to the Vietnamese cocoa breeding and selection activities. The experiment presents RAPD technique as a useful method to determine the genetic relationships of cocoa cultivars and other cultivars in Vietnam.