Assessing the precision of a volleyball overhead serve is essential for understanding players' skill levels and development. Existing methods may lack consistency and perceptiveness, warranting further investigation into a more reliable assessment tool. Objectives: This study aimed to scrutinize the substance, facade, perceptiveness, and consistency of a volleyball overhead serve for precision assessment. Specifically, it sought to evaluate the validity and reliability of the assessment tool across different skill levels, ranging from novice to experienced players