Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant nosocomial pathogen causing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in many
health-care settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of A. baumannii isolates
causing HAP in Can Tho General Hospital, Vietnam. Respiratory specimens were collected from patients diagnosed
with HAP, and bacterial strains were isolated and identified using microbiological techniques. The minimal inhibitory
concentration of testing antibiotics against A. baumannii isolates was evaluated using the Vitek-2 Compact automated
microbial identification system. The presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, and
blaIPM) was determined in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) isolates using polymerase chain reaction. Of
the 434 patient samples analyzed, A. baumannii was the most prevalent infection, accounting for 31.1% of positive
cases. The study showed a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and
pandrug-resistant (PDR) A. baumannii strains, with 80.7%, 15.6%, and 3.7% of isolates categorized as MDR, XDR,
and PDR. CRAB isolates accounted for 89.6% of A. baumannii strains, with the blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 gene
being the most prevalent. The study emphasizes the high prevalence of A. baumannii causing HAP in the hospital
setting and the urgent need to implement infection control measures to reduce the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains.