Agriculture plays an important role in Vietnam’s economy and household livelihoods. In production and consumption processes, this sector produces a large amount of agricultural by-products and waste which can be valorized for multiple purposes to increase their economic values. An efficient valorization process can help address the increasing demand for resources and the environmental impact of agricultural activities. As agricultural by-products and waste in each agricultural subsector exist and are used differently, there are several mechanisms and techniques to valorize these valuable resources along Vietnam’s agricultural value chains from production stage (for instance input optimization and waste utilization to produce bio-fertilizer and energy) to processing and consumption phases (such as extraction of chemical and nutrients from by-products). By reviewing relevant studies and available national statistical data, this chapter provides an overview of the availability of by-products and waste as well as their current and potential uses in main agricultural commodities including rice, shrimp, catfish, fruits, and animal husbandry in Vietnam. Several barriers and enabling factors to promote the valorization of agricultural wastes and by-products and solutions to promote the transition towards the agricultural circular economy are also discussed in the chapter.