Southern Vietnam is one territory that is bestowed upon with favourable conditions for devloping agricultural economy. Hence, rice had become the dominant product in socioeconomic livelihood of this land. Under the management of the Republic of Vietnam, the rice situtation of Southern Vietnam had been experiencing certain ups and downs as impacted by management policies of the government. The purpose of this research is to analyse the changes of rice situation in Southern Vietnam from 1955 to 1975 under the Republic of Vietnam regime, through which an evaluation and explaination for such changes is presented. The result of the research also provide an additional exploratory aspect regarding the economics history of Southern Vietnam from 1955 to 1975, while being simultaneously a resourceful reference that responses to the duty of historiography in Vietnam with regards to subjects relating to the Republic of Vietnam regime.