Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a key crop that contributes significantly to the global economy. In this work, 100
soybean varieties were obtained from Can Tho University and analysed for diversity using an ISSR marker and nine yield component characteristics. The findings of principal component analysis indicate that the first axis accounted for the majority of variance in the germplasm (51.4%), followed by the second axis (18.1%). Thereby the seed width (group I), node number (group II), and 100 seed weight (group III) within the axis all have a significant effect on the population's phenotype. Eight agromorphological characteristics (seed length, seed breadth, seed thickness, plant height, number of nodes, pod number, seed number, and 100 seed weight) varied significantly across the 100 soybean germplasms. Classification of the samples into two clusters was performed using ISSR markers analysis. The first cluster included 95 germplasms. Five distinct varieties comprised the second cluster (V57, V83, V62, V63, V67). Following a model-based structural study, two populations were formed, with some genotypes mixing considerably. The study's findings are instructive for future research targeted at boosting the yields of the 100 soybean varieties in Vietnam.