The Lower Mekong Public Policy Initiative (LMPPI) is a four-year project, funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). LMPPI is housed at the Fulbright Economics Teaching Program (FETP), a center for public policy teaching, research and policy dialogue in Vietnam, and is jointly managed by FETP (now the Fulbright School of Public Policy and Management at Fulbright University Vietnam) and the Vietnam Program of Harvard Kennedy School’s Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation in the United States. LMPPI seeks to generate knowledge, promote learning, and stimulate dialogue on public policies to support environmentally sustainable economic development, increase agricultural productivity, and improve household livelihoods in the five countries of the Lower Mekong Basin: Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam. LMPPI has built an extensive network with research institutions, government agencies, and various stakeholders in the region for cross-disciplinary research on key topics in sustainable development related to climate change, resource competition, and regional economic integration. LMPPI has contributed to capacity building of our research partners throughout the implementation of the research project. Besides, LMPPI personnel also contributed to the teaching and study of policy challenges associated with sustainable development and natural resources management at the Fulbright School. As a result of these efforts, eight research projects were completed during the span of the initiative, plus two dozen master’s theses by MPP students at the School. LMPPI research activities are geographically and thematically diverse. LMPPI researchers and partners have successfully conducted research on sensitive areas such as hydropower in Lao PDR, agricultural policies in Cambodia, and cross-border livelihoods in Thailand, Lao PDR and Vietnam (Map 1). In the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam, the most vulnerable part of the region, we have closely worked with universities, research institutes, and local governments to examine the numerous challenges in agricultural and environmental policies and opportunities for a sustainable future. Empirical findings, situational analyses, and public policy recommendations from these studies are presented in this volume in three parts: the environment, agriculture, and livelihoods.