The objective of the paper is to examine the business situation and competitive advantages of rice exporting enterprises in the Mekong River Delta based on Resource-based theory. Authors use qualitative research methods by interviewing experts in the rice export industry; the survey results show that there are two groups of resources that affect the competitive advantage of rice exporters the most: the associated resource group and intangible asset resource group. The tangible asset group is the group that creates a primary competitive advantage for rice exporting enterprises based on the company's capital resources, while the group of associated resources and intangible assets can create outstanding competitive advantage towards sustainability for rice exporting enterprises. The implication of this study is to provide solutions to improve the competitive advantage for rice exporting enterprises in the Mekong River Delta.