In Vietnam, the aquaculture and fisheries sectors have made a vital contribution to economic development and nutrition security. The aquaculture sector reached 3.2 million tons in production, 1.2 million hectares in culture area and US$ 4.2 billions in value in 2013. The Mekong River Delta, in the southern part of Vietnam, is the main region of aquaculture in Vietnam with a total production of 2.2 million tons, sharing 71.4% of the national value in 2013. With a coastline of over 700 km, the coastal aquaculture of the Mekong River Delta has been well known for the farming of marine shrimps (black tiger shrimp and white leg shrimp) and molluscs (blood cockle, white hard clam). For instance, the production of marine shrimp in 2013 was 358,477 tons sharing 74.6% of Vietnam. However, Vietnam is one of the countries which will be heavily affected by climate change (IPCC 2007), especially the Mekong River Delta. The increase of temperature (projected to increase by as much as 3°C within the century) and sea level rise (projected saline water intrusion into inland area and water elevation as high as 1 m by the end of 21st century) are the two main factors of concern with climate change. The changes of the environmental conditions are forecast to affect the farming systems and sustainability of the coastal aquaculture in the Mekong River Delta. Our current studies on the impacts of climate change on coastal aquaculture system (such as shrimp farming) has recognized irregular weather change patterns, drought, sudden heavy rain, large daily temperature variation, prolonged cold days, etc., which impacted negatively the shrimp farming. Adaptive solutions for the coastal aquaculture in the Mekong River Delta to the changes of environmental conditions under climate change impacts have been conducted and also call for collaboration in order to have feasible solutions in the coming time.