The livestock industry has a long development history and is an integral part of the traditional agricultural production of Vietnam. The livestock industry is one of the crucial factors and dramatically contributes to the economic structure, especially helping to alleviate poverty for people in rural areas. In general, in the period 2010-2020, the size of poultry herds of the whole country tended to increase continuously from 300.5 million to 512.7 million heads, reaching a rate of 171%. Among the types of cattle raised in Vietnam, pigs, buffaloes, and cows are the three most common types of livestock. Pigs account for the highest number, reaching 20 to 30 million heads/year, but this number is unstable. The number of cows and buffaloes is relatively stable in the period, with 5.6 million heads/year and 2.3 million heads/year, respectively. When statistics on the development index on the above livestock and poultry, it can be seen that buffalo and cow are two types of cattle with relatively stable development index and low growth rate. Meanwhile, pigs have a fluctuating growth index. Particularly for poultry, the overall development index is higher than 100% and has increased steadily (except for 2012). The rapid growth in livestock production and consumption of their products contributes to serious environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions that impact climate change. In that context, the sustainable development of the livestock industry must not only ensure the growth in the number of cattle herds and the quality of livestock products but also ensure the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve that goal, the government must implement a system of solutions such as technical, managerial and social solutions synchronously and effectively. Four resolutions have been proposed: Optimization of current livestock systems, enhancement of crossbreeding, technology application in waste management/treatment, and enhancing the capacity for breeders.