Kaempferia marginata rhizomes are used as an herb in food and as traditional medicine for the treatment of
inflammatory-related diseases in Asian countries. In contrast to the previously reported phytochemical investi
gation of Thai and Chinese K. marginata rhizomes, which demonstrated the presence of sandaracopimaradiene
and ent-sandaracopimaradiene, our first investigation of Vietnamese K. marginata rhizomes led to the isolation of
eight undescribed pimarane diterpenoids, marginols A‒H, along with 18 known pimarane diterpenoids. The
structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRE
SIMS, and CD spectroscopy and/or by comparisons of their NMR data with previously reported data. Further
more, evaluations of the NO production inhibitory activity against LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells revealed that
the undescribed compounds, marginols B and D‒G, and the known compounds, sandaracopimaradien-6β,9α-
diol-1-one and 6-acetoxysandaracopimardien-9-ol-1-one, showed potent activities. These results provide insights
into the chemodiversity of Vietnamese K. marginata rhizomes as well as their traditional usage from the view
point of their chemical constituents.